Singularities, black holes, and the geometry of space

Singularities: An answer to a theory of everything

Edwin Hubble (along with others) discovered that the universe is expanding. He absorbed that the majority of galaxies where moving away from us from its spectrum. Its spectrum appeared to be redshifted: when the light wave expands when the source of light moves away, thus moving the wavelength of light towards the red end of the spectrum. We know that if the universe expands, if we reverse time, the universe must have been smaller. And some long ago, the universe would have been the size of a dot. It would have infinite mass and density and would be extremely hot enough pull apart not just atoms nor nucleuses, but elementary particles and quarks of which we don’t know its components. This singularity would live in a single dimension, just a point in ‘space’ (in fact this point is space). We learn that this singularity might lead us a key of the universe. However, this isn’t the only singularity we can find in space or in time.

Nothing can escape a black hole. Not even light, which is why we call it a black hole. A black hole has something called an event horizon, a point of no return. Once inside the black hole, you’re inside the event horizon, and you cannot go back. And at the center of a black hole, you find a singularity! This singularity has infinite density and mass, and curves spacetime infinitely. It has the exact same characteristics as the singularity the universe once was. We are understanding black holes more and more and they might answer questions asked never before. If we cannot study the universe singularity, we can use the black hole one.

String theory says that all elementary particles are made up of multi-dimensional vibrating strings; they could be any dimension. The purpose of string theory is for the theory of everything, an equation that describes all physical laws. It would connect all the forces of nature: gravity, electromagnetic, strong, and weak force; connecting relativity with quantum physics. This the goal for physics; where we would be able to predict anything using physics. New discoveries could be made which could revolutionize technology and medicine. However, we cannot find any evidence of this string theory. We would have to break open elementary particles – which we can barely even detect (uncertainty principle) – to see if there are strings within. This is where singularities come in. In singularities, particles would be ripped apart; if we study these singularities, we might be able to detect these multi-dimensional strings. We try to simulate these singularities in particle accelerators. We smash particles together to form new particles and to see its interior. Singularities would not abide by the normal laws of physics; we could take advantage of that to discover a theory of everything.

What if the singularity in a black hole is the exact same singularity our universe once was… 

Singularities and the geometry of the universe

There are multiple theories of what the shape of the universe might be. One is when it is flat, a hyperbolical one, and finally a sphere. All of them would be infinite except for the sphere where there are two ways to get to one location – on one side of the sphere or the other. We would all live on the surface of these figures, not within them. One would think that living on a surface would mean living two dimensionally. This – of course, is not true. One cannot represent schematically a surface of which the surface of the sphere were three dimensions – so we represent it in two. This would be a four-dimensional sphere. This is completely possible. Our universe would be a four-dimensional sphere with us living on its three-dimensional surface. Long time ago, the sphere would be a tiny dot, the singularity at the beginning in the universe that we talked about in the previous part. In the big bang, the sphere got bigger and bigger with new stuff forming at its surface which would eventually form into stars and stuff. 

3 possible shapes our universe could be

Einstein predicted in his paper of general relativity in 1915 that heavy mass objects curve spacetime. The heavier the object, the more they would curve spacetime. This is gravity. One could say that gravity isn’t a force, but a curvature of spacetime.

When a heavy planet or star curves spacetime on the three-dimensional surface of the sphere, it curves into the fourth interior dimension of it. One could say that an object’s gravity relies on its mass which curves spacetime into a fourth dimension. 

We now know that any mass has gravity which is in fact a curvature of space. This curvature of space corresponds to a fourth dimension within the interior of the universal sphere. This universal sphere would have trillions upon trillions of curves due to the amount of heavy mass objects in space – with a lot of gravity. These finite-mass objects have a finite curvature.
But, what about infinite mass-gravity objects…

Due to black holes having an infinite density and mass, they curve spacetime infinitely. How would this look like on our spherical universe? Where would the black hole’s singularity be?
My theory would be the following:

In the beginning, we talked about how the universe is expanding and that long ago, the universe itself was packed into a singularity. The previous theory suggests that all black holes share the same singularity at the center of the universe.
What if the singularity that all black holes share is in fact the same one the universe once was?
What if the closer you get to the singularity, the farther back in time you get?


This is my ultimate theory. It might be the next step to general relativity:

There is only one singularity in our universe and in time. It is the same one that all black holes have and the same one that held our universe. The closer you get to the singularity, the more back in time you get. This fourth-dimension of which spacetime curves into by a heavy mass object is time.

If this theory were to be true, we could study this concept and this singularity to find the answer to everything…